Refractive surgery refers to various surgical procedures that correct common vision problems like nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism, and presbyopia. The goal of refractive surgery is to reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses by reshaping the cornea (the front part of the eye) or replacing the eye’s lens.
Common Types of Refractive Surgery
1. LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis): The most popular procedure. It involves creating a thin flap in the cornea, then reshaping the underlying corneal tissue with a laser to focus light more precisely on the retina.
2. PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy): Similar to LASIK but without creating a flap. The cornea’s surface layer is removed, and the corneal tissue is reshaped with a laser.
3. LASEK (Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis): A variation of PRK, where the outer layer of the cornea is preserved and replaced after the laser reshapes the cornea.
4. SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction): A newer technique that uses a laser to create a small disc of tissue within the cornea, which is removed through a small incision, reshaping the cornea and correcting vision.
5. Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE): Also known as clear lens extraction, this procedure involves removing the eye’s natural lens and replacing it with an artificial one to correct vision. It is similar to cataract surgery.
These procedures are generally safe and effective, but not everyone is a suitable candidate, so a thorough eye examination and consultation with a specialist are necessary before considering refractive surgery.